As much as 80% of a vessel's lifetime fuel consumption is dedicated to overcoming hydrodynamic drag, a figure that can…
A seemingly negligible layer of slime, just 500 micrometers thick, can increase a vessel's total hydrodynamic drag by over 20%,…
A 10% increase in hull roughness from biofouling can trigger a fuel consumption penalty of over 15%, a figure that…
A mere 100-micron increase in hull roughness, a common consequence of paint buildup, can elevate a vessel's fuel consumption by…
Engine Power Limitation is an incomplete and commercially restrictive answer to the EEXI mandate. For fleet managers and vessel owners,…
The industry standard of reapplying ablative bottom paint every 24 months is no longer a maintenance necessity; for the modern…